The android operating system may be a mobile operating system that was developed by Google (GOOGL) to be primarily used for touchscreen devices, cell phones, and tablets. Its style lets users manipulate the mobile devices intuitively, with finger movements that mirror common motions, like pinching, swiping, and clicking.
Google conjointly employs android software package in televisions, cars, and wristwatches—each of that is fitted with a novel interface.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- The android operating system was developed by Google (GOOGL) to be used altogether of its touchscreen devices, tablets, and cell phones.
- This operating system was initial developed by android, Inc., a software package company settled in Silicon Valley before it had been gained by Google in 2005.
- While the android source code is free in associate open-source format to assist advance open standards across mobile devices, it’s still prepacked with proprietary software package once sold on phone devices.
Understanding the android package
The android os was initial developed by android, Inc., a software package company settled in Silicon Valley before Google nonheritable it in 2005. Investors and industry analysts have questioned Google’s true intentions for getting into the mobile market house since that acquisition.
however in any case, presently thenceforth, Google declared the approaching rollout of its initial commercially accessible Android-powered device in 2007, though that product really hit the marketplace in 2008.
Since then, software package and application developers are ready to use android technology to develop mobile apps, that square measure sold through app stores, like Google Play.
and since it’s developed as a Google product, android users square measure given the chance to link their mobile devices to alternative Google product, like cloud storage, email platforms, and video services.
The android source code is free in associate open-source format to assist advance open standards across mobile devices. However, despite being free as “open,” android remains prepacked with proprietary software package once sold on phone devices.
as per analysis from Trend small, premium service abuse is that the most typical style of android malware, within which text messages square measure sent from infected phones to premium-rate phonephone numbers with neither the information nor the consent of the user.
Limitations of the android operating system
While android offers users a viable different to alternative mobile operating systems, many limitations still stay.
On the developer facet, secret writing advanced user experiences associated interfaces is an typically troublesome task that demands a larger reliance on Java than Objective-C. For users, the apps on the android Market tend to own lower standards than comparable app stores.
In alternative words, the apps have lower security profiles and create users additional vulnerable to knowledge breaches.
Meanwhile, Android’s lack of a voice-controlled assistant and its significant dependence on advertising will repel some users.
Features of android operating system
The distinctive features/characteristics of the Androids-os are as follows:
- Near Field Communication (NFC)
- Alternate Keyboards
- IR Transmission
- No-Touch management
- Automation
- Wireless App Downloads
- Storage & Battery Swap
- Custom Home Screen
- Widgets
- Custom ROMs
- Headset layout
- Storage
- Connectivity: GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, Bluetooth, WI-FI, EDGE,3G,NFC, LTE,GPS.
- Messaging: SMS, MMS, C2DM (could to device messaging), GCM (Google may messaging)
- Multilanguage support
- Multi-touch
- Video line of work
- Screen capture
- External storage
- Streaming media support
- Optimized graphics
design
The android is an os and is a stack of software package elements that is split into 5 sections and 4 main layers that’s
- Linux kernel
- Libraries
- Android runtime
- Application Framework
- Applications
Linux Kernel
The android uses the powerful Linux kernel and it supports a good vary of hardware drivers. The kernel is that the heart of the package that manages input and output requests from the software package.
This provides basic system functionalities like method management, memory management, device management like camera, keypad, display, etc the kernel handles all the items.
Linux is de facto sensible at networking and it’s not necessary to interface it to the peripheral hardware.
The kernel itself doesn’t move directly with the user however rather interacts with the shell and alternative programs yet like the hardware devices on the system.
Libraries
The on high of a Linux kennel there’s a collection of libraries together with open-source internet browsers like WebKit, library libc. These libraries square measure wont to play and record audio and video.
The SQLite is a info that’s helpful for the storage and sharing of application knowledge. The SSL libraries are accountable for net security etc.
Android Runtime
The android runtime provides a key part known as Dalvik Virtual Machine that may be a quite java virtual machine. it’s specially designed and optimized for Android.
The Dalvik VM is that the method virtual machine within the Android package. it’s software package that runs apps on golem devices.
The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core options like memory management and multithreading that is in java language. The Dalvik VM allows each android application to run its own method. The Dalvik VM executes the files within the .dex format.
Application Framework
The application framework layer provides several higher-level services to applications like windows manager, read system, package manager, resource manager, etc. the appliance developers are allowed to create use of those services in their applications.
Applications
You will realize all the android applications at the highest layer and you may write your application and install it on this layer. samples of such applications are contacts, books, browsers, services, etc. every application performs a special role within the overall applications.
Android emulator
The emulator could be a new application within the android software system. The mortal could be a new example that’s wont to develop and take a look at robot applications while not using any physical device.
this emulator has all of the hardware and software package features like mobile devices except phone calls. It provides a spread of navigation and control keys.
It additionally provides a screen to show your application. The emulators utilize the android virtual device configurations. Once your application is running on that, it will use services of the robot platform to assist different applications, access the network, play audio, video, store, and retrieve the information.
Android Versions
there are many versions from the beginning to the present are mentioned below from 1.0 to 2.0. Here is the android operating system list below:
Android Versions | details |
Versions from 1.0– 1.1 | The first version like 1.0 was released in the year 2008 but it didn’t have any codename. |
Version – 1.5 | In the year 2009, the 1.5 android version was released which is named Cupcake. |
Version – 1.6 | 1.6 was released in the year 2009 which is called Donut. The ability of this version is, it operates on different screen sizes as well as resolutions. |
Versions from 2.0 – 2.1 | Eclair 2.0 version was released after six weeks of the Donut version. |
Version – 2.2 | After four months of 2.1version invention, the Android 2.2 version was released which is called Froyo. |
Version 2.3 | The first true visual identity of version 2.3 was released in the year 2010 namely Gingerbread. |
Version from 3.0 – 3.2 | In the year 2011, the versions from 3.0 – 3.2 were released which is named Honeycomb |
Version 4.0 | Versions 4.0 was released in the year 2011 which is called Ice Cream Sandwich. |
Versions 4.1 – 4.3 | Versions 4.1 to 4.3 were released between 2012 to 2013 which is called Jelly Bean. |
Version 4.4 | Version 4.4 was released in Late-2013’s which is called KitKat. |
Android 5.0 | version 5.0 was launched in the year 2014, Nov in the Nexus 6 device which is called Lollipop |
Android 5.1 | version 5.1 was released in March 2015 called Lollipop |
Version 6.0 | 6.0 Version like Marshmallow was released in Oct 2015. |
Version 7.0 | 7.0 version was released by Google in Aug 2016 called Nougat. |
Version 7.1, 7.1.1 & 7.1.2 Nougat | Android 7.1 version was released in Oct 2016, called Nougat |
Version 8.0 | 8.0 version was released in Aug 2017 called Oreo. |
Version 8.1.0 | 8.1.0 version was released in Dec 2017, called Oreo |
Version 9 | version 9 Pie was released in Aug 2018 |
Version 10 | version 10 was launched in September 2019 |
Version 11 | version 11 was released recently on September 8th, 2020 |
Version 12 | Version 12 TBA – Presupported |
Android Operating System vs. Apple iOS vs windows
Differences between the android operating system vs windows os and apple iOS are given as follows:
Android | iOS | windows |
The developer of Android was mostly Google & Open Handset Alliance | The developer of iOS was Apple Inc. | operating system like Windows is owned by Microsoft Incorporation |
The initial release was Sep23, 2008 | The initial release was July 29, 2007 | Microsoft Windows launched in the year 1985. |
The latest version is Android 11 | Latest version of iOS is14.1 & iPadOS 14.1 | It is used in all personal computers in all organizations. So the present stable version of this OS is Windows 10. |
It is an open-source model | The source model is closed including open source components. | Chosen license is Proprietary & Source-available. Kernel type is Hybrid based. |
As compared to iOS, file transfer is easy | File transfer is more difficult in iOS but transferring media files can be done through the iTunes desktop app. | operating system like Windows is owned by Microsoft Incorporation |
The browser used in Android is Google Chrome | The browser used in iOS is Safari | The browser used in windows is Microsoft edge |
Web mapping used in this is Google maps | Web mapping used in this is Apple maps | Web mapping used in this is Windows Maps |
Available languages are nearly 100 | Available languages are nearly 40 | Available languages are nearly 80 |
Video calling can be possible through different apps. | For video calling, face time & other third-party apps are used. | Video calling can be possible through windows apps. |
Google assistant is used as a virtual assistant | Siri is used as a virtual assistant | bing voice assistant is used as a virtual assistant |
This OS supports different smartphones like Samsung, Xiaomi, OnePlus, Honor, Vivo, etc | This OS supports only Apple products like iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch & Apple TV | It is used for media centers, workstations, PCs, embedded systems & tablets. The original version is commercial. |
Battery life is good | Battery life is not good as compared to Android | Battery life is good |
Biometric Authentication used in Android OS is Fingerprint or Face recognition | Biometric Authentication used in iOS is Fingerprint or Face recognition | Biometric Authentication used in Microsoft Windows is Fingerprint or Face recognition |
OS family is Linux | OS family is Linux OS X, UNIX | Microsoft Windows |
How to change the software system of android Phone?
In mobile phones, the operation of various applications are often run through associate degree software system. There area unit completely different types of OS available within the market wherever every OS has its own options.
This OS utilized in the device plays a key role in determining the apps, software, and functions. So, a number of the far-famed OS are Symbian, Palm, MXI, Windows Mobile, Mobile linux, etc. Here, you’ll be able to amendment an OS in some mobile phones by using the subsequent steps.
Go to Settings in android device => choose developer choices => alter USB debugging otherwise move to “about phone”, enable Build number & click thereon till you receive a message like you’re currently a replacement developer.
Download the change my software package from this link (click me)
When the transfer is finished, connect your android mobile to your laptop & open ‘Change My package.
Now, choose android => Windows then install it on your android phone.
Click on continue & choose a language if it asked
When you select the language, then automatically windows driver transfer can begin. Once it’s finished, then click on the button “Install”
You will notice an possibility like take away android.
If you need to double boot it, then you’ll be able to pay no attention to the message otherwise click on the choice there itself. Wait till the method is completed. Once the installation of files is completed. then the mobile can reboot automatically.
Similarly, the change My Software’ is once more you’ll be able to use if you need to move back to android. For that, you wish to attach the device to the computer & select the condition of Restore to the original state choice over the major menu.
Android Application Controlled Remote robot
It controls the robotic vehicle using AN robot application. The Bluetooth device is interfaced to the management unit on the robot for sensing the signals transmitted by the android application.
The remote operation is achieved by any smart-phone or table etc with android OS supported touch screen operation. The sending finish uses AN android application device remote through that commands area unit transmitted and at the receiver side, these commands are used for controlling the robot altogether directions like forward, backward and left or right, etc.
The receiver finish movement is achieved by 2 motors that are interfaced to the microcontroller. The serial communication information sent from the android application is received by a Bluetooth receiver that’s interfaced to the microcontroller.
Advantages
The advantages of the android software system include the subsequent.
- Android could be a linux based mostly open-source OS, it are often developed by anyone
- Easy access to android apps
- You can replace the battery and mass storage, disk drive, and UDB choice
- Its supports all Google services
- The OS is ready to tell you of a replacement SMS and Emails or the most recent updates.
- It supports Multitasking
- Android phone also can operate as a router to share the net
- It’s free to customise
- Can install a changed read-only memory
- Its supports 2d and 3D graphics
- We can install numerous apps-
- Backup and restore of apps are often possible
- It supports Third-party apps
- Addition & removal of unwanted features:-
- High job demands for android developers
- Notifications are often displayed terribly clearly
- Huge community support
- The Internet are often shared from device to device
- It is an Open source
- Different types of mobile models you’ll be able to choose
- Add/ take away Unwanted
- Internal memory is Expandable
- Cloud storage
- It supports huge screens at an affordable worth
- Foldable android devices
- Different apps will run at constant time
- Several widgets on show
The disadvantages of the android software package embrace the subsequent.
- Apps add the background
- Battery discharges simply thanks to tons of processes among the background.
- Requires Google account
- Less security, therefore fake apps are often simply installed to steal your information from strange resources
- Mobiles with low specification run terribly slow
- Generally, you need additional code on Java language as compared to Objective-C.
- Android developers have a crucial time
- Difficult layouts & animations area unit tough to code among android.
- Protection of Virus is needed
- For developers of the app, Google is strict
- Several ads at intervals apps
- Some apps quality isn’t smart
- For elders, it’s not friendly
Thus, this can be all regarding an summary of the android OS. this can be a mobile software system, developed by Google. The applications of AN android operating system embrace the following in cell phones, touch screen devices & tablets.